Physics: Classical physics, quantum mechanics, condensed matter physics, particle physics, astrophysics.
Chemistry: Organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, biochemistry.
- Organic Chemistry: Synthesis, mechanisms, reactions, organic synthesis.
- Inorganic Chemistry: Coordination chemistry, solid-state chemistry, organometallic chemistry.
- Physical Chemistry: Thermodynamics, kinetics, quantum chemistry, spectroscopy.
Biology: Molecular biology, cellular biology, genetics, evolutionary biology, ecology.
- Genetics: Molecular genetics, population genetics, genomics, genetic engineering.
- Ecology: Ecosystem ecology, population ecology, conservation biology, landscape ecology.
Environmental Science: Environmental chemistry, environmental biology, ecology, environmental policy, sustainability.
- Environmental Policy: Environmental regulations, environmental governance, environmental impact assessment.
- Sustainability: Sustainable development goals, sustainable resource management, sustainable agriculture.
Astronomy: Astrophysics, observational astronomy, theoretical astrophysics, cosmology.
- Observational Astronomy: Radio astronomy, optical astronomy, infrared astronomy, X-ray astronomy.
- Theoretical Astrophysics: Cosmological models, black holes, galaxy formation, dark matter.
Earth Sciences: Geology, meteorology, oceanography, climatology, geophysics.
- Geophysics: Seismology, geomagnetism, geodesy, geothermal energy.
Nanotechnology: Nanomaterials, nanoelectronics, nanomedicine, nano-photonics.